HVAC NEC 2023

HVAC Basic Electrical Practice Test 3

Test your knowledge of HVAC electrical fundamentals with this 25-question practice exam. Topics include motor starting current, capacitor selection, three-phase motor protection, NEC 440 requirements, motor winding testing, and compressor electrical diagnostics.

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Frequently Asked Questions

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HVAC electrical exams cover electrical theory (Ohm's Law, circuits), transformers, single-phase and three-phase motors, control wiring, safety, and troubleshooting.

Requirements vary by state. HVAC technicians typically need EPA 608 certification and may need a separate electrical license for line voltage work.

Before you begin: This test covers intermediate HVAC electrical concepts including motor characteristics, NEC 440 code requirements, and diagnostic testing procedures. You have 45 minutes to complete 25 questions. A minimum score of 70% is required to pass. Review motor nameplate data and NEC Article 440 before attempting this test.

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HVAC Basic Electrical Practice Test 3
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HVAC Basic Electrical Practice Test 3 — Question List

Question 1: Which of the following instrument detects the bubbles in refrigerant liquid line?

  • Megger
  • Electronic sight glass
  • Electronic charging meter
  • Halogen leak detector

Question 2: The battery cells connected in series produces …………..

  • Higher voltages
  • Higher currents
  • High power
  • High resistance

Question 3: A fuse in the electrical circuit protects the circuit from ……………..

  • Excess power
  • Excess current
  • Excess voltage
  • Excess impedance

Question 4: In parallel resistive network the voltage applied is equal to sum of voltages across the each individual resistor?

  • True
  • False

Question 5: Which of the following is the symbol of impedance?

  • Z
  • I
  • R
  • V

Question 6: What is the power flow in a circuit, if a 50 coulombs moved at a point in 20 seconds with an applied voltage of 8 Volts?

  • 3.2 watts
  • 20 watts
  • 8 watts
  • 16 watts

Question 7: Which of the following is produced around the conductor if an electric current passes through it?

  • Magnetic field
  • Negative field
  • Static field
  • Capacitance field

Question 8: If the resistance of the circuit is decreases keeping the voltage same, what happens to the current in the circuit?

  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Remains same

Question 9: Which of the following batteries action provides electricity?

  • Chemical
  • Electrical
  • Mechanical
  • Hydroelectric

Question 10: An ohm meter cannot simple connected to …………….

  • Coil
  • Motor winding
  • Resistor
  • Energized circuit

Question 11: What is the typical starting (inrush) current of a single-phase induction motor compared to its Full Load Amperage (FLA)?

  • Equal to FLA
  • 2 to 3 times FLA
  • 5 to 8 times FLA
  • 15 to 20 times FLA

Question 12: What is the primary purpose of a star-delta (wye-delta) motor starter used on large HVAC equipment?

  • To increase motor speed above nameplate RPM
  • To reduce starting current and starting torque
  • To provide a controlled soft-stop capability
  • To allow the motor to reverse rotation

Question 13: What is the key difference between a START capacitor and a RUN capacitor in a single-phase HVAC motor?

  • A start capacitor stays in the circuit permanently to improve running efficiency
  • A start capacitor is switched out after startup; a run capacitor stays in circuit permanently
  • A start capacitor reduces running current while a run capacitor increases starting torque
  • Start and run capacitors are interchangeable and serve the same function

Question 14: What does RLA (Rated Load Amps) represent on a hermetic compressor nameplate?

  • The maximum current drawn during compressor startup (locked rotor)
  • A calculated value for sizing circuits and overcurrent protection for hermetic compressors
  • The current drawn when the compressor runs at minimum refrigerant pressure
  • The current drawn at 50% of full compressor load

Question 15: Per NEC 440.14, where must the disconnecting means for an air conditioning or refrigerating unit be located?

  • Within 10 feet of the equipment in the same room
  • Within 25 feet and visible from the equipment
  • Within sight from and readily accessible from the equipment (not more than 50 feet)
  • At the main electrical panel regardless of distance

NEC Reference: 440.14

Question 16: When using a megohmmeter (Megger) to test a compressor motor winding's insulation, what reading indicates FAILED insulation?

  • Greater than 100 megohms
  • Greater than 10 megohms
  • Greater than 1 megohm
  • Less than 1 megohm

Question 17: Per NEMA standards, what is the maximum allowable three-phase voltage imbalance for motor operation without derating?

  • 10%
  • 5%
  • 3%
  • 0.5%

Question 18: What is the primary advantage of an Electronically Commutated Motor (ECM) over a Permanent Split Capacitor (PSC) motor in an air handler?

  • ECM motors cost significantly less to purchase than PSC motors
  • ECM motors operate at a fixed speed which simplifies controls
  • ECM motors are significantly more efficient and can vary speed to maintain constant airflow
  • ECM motors do not require a control board or electronics

Question 19: A condensing unit nameplate shows FLA = 18A and LRA = 108A. What is the primary use of the LRA value during electrical installation?

  • LRA is used to size the wire gauge for the branch circuit
  • LRA is used to select the maximum overcurrent protection device (MOP)
  • LRA equals the steady-state operating current of the compressor
  • LRA is used only to size the electrical disconnect switch

NEC Reference: 440.22

Question 20: What is the primary purpose of a crankcase heater on a refrigerant compressor?

  • To warm the oil so it flows more easily during startup lubrication
  • To prevent refrigerant from migrating into and diluting the compressor oil during the off cycle
  • To reduce compressor vibration and noise during startup
  • To prevent the compressor body from freezing in cold climates

Question 21: What occurs when a running three-phase motor experiences "single phasing" — the loss of one supply phase?

  • The motor speeds up due to the reduced electromagnetic drag
  • The motor continues to operate normally on two phases with no ill effects
  • The motor draws excessive current on the remaining two phases and rapidly overheats
  • The motor immediately trips the breaker with no risk of winding damage

Question 22: A condenser fan motor specifies a 5 µF run capacitor. What is the likely result of installing a 10 µF capacitor instead?

  • The motor runs more efficiently since a larger capacitor stores more energy
  • There is no significant difference — larger µF is always acceptable
  • The auxiliary winding draws excessive current and the motor overheats, leading to failure
  • The motor runs cooler because the larger capacitor smooths voltage fluctuations

Question 23: Per NEC 440.32, branch circuit conductors supplying a single motor-compressor must have an ampacity of not less than what percentage of the rated load current?

  • 100% of rated load current
  • 115% of rated load current
  • 125% of rated load current
  • 150% of rated load current

NEC Reference: 440.32

Question 24: When testing a single-phase hermetic compressor with an ohmmeter, what reading indicates an OPEN winding?

  • A reading of 0 ohms between the winding terminal and common
  • Infinite resistance (no continuity) between the winding terminal and common
  • A reading of 1 megohm between the winding and the compressor shell
  • Equal resistance readings between all three terminals (C, R, and S)

Question 25: In a single-phase hermetic compressor, what does the terminal labeled "C" represent?

  • The control signal input terminal from the thermostat
  • The common terminal shared by both the run and start windings
  • The capacitor connection terminal
  • The cooling terminal connected to the thermal overload protector only

Key NEC References for This Test

ArticleWhat It Covers
Art. 440Air Conditioning Equipment — use nameplate MCA and MOCP, not FLA alone
Art. 430Motors — general motor rules that Art. 440 modifies
Study Tip: Practice reading ladder diagrams. Trace each rung from L1 to the load: contacts open → circuit dead. Contacts closed → current flows. This is how HVAC electrical troubleshooting works.
EXAM CARD HVAC
Questions25
Time limit45 min
Pass score70%
Code editionNEC 2023
DifficultyIntermediate
Last reviewedJun 2026

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Source: NEC 2026 Art. 440 & electrical theory